Resumo As companhias aéreas devem avaliar constantemente os custos e a eficiência dos indicadores de desempenho de suas operações para estabelecer uma estratégia de negócio competitiva. Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a relevância de alguns indicadores de desempenho na gestão e eficiência operacional de companhias aéreas. Com o uso de uma regressão de dados em painel referente às quatro maiores companhias aéreas brasileiras até o momento dos dados considerados no estudo (2009 a 2017) - Avianca, Azul, Gol e Latam, os resultados demonstram que a eficiência operacional é alcançada quando há uma maior oferta de rotas e frequência de voos para atender à demanda de passageiros, gerando maior receita por passageiro-quilômetro (RPK). Por outro lado, a etapa de voo mais curta e o número reduzido de decolagens afetam de forma inversamente proporcional a eficiência operacional em função do consumo de combustível e eficiência energética das aeronaves. Por meio da análise desses indicadores de desempenho, é possível definir estratégias que subsidiam a tomada de decisão para aumentar a eficiência operacional das companhias aéreas.

Abstract Airlines must constantly evaluate the costs and efficiency of their operational performance indicators to establish a competitive business market strategy. This study aims to investigate the relevance of some performance indicators of airline´s management and operational efficiency. With the use of a panel data regression for the four largest private Brazilian airlines - Avianca, Azul, Gol, and Latam, from 2009 to 2017, the results show that operational efficiency is achieved when there is a greater offer of routes and flight frequency to meet passenger demand, generating higher revenue passenger kilometer (RPK). On the other hand, shorter stage length and reduced takeoff numbers affect inversely proportional the operating efficiency as a function of fuel consumption and energy capacity. Through the analysis of these performance indicators, it is possible to determine strategies that support decision making to increase the operational efficiency of airlines.

Abstract Identifying and measuring innovation at airports becomes necessary not only to point out the elements of its management or infrastructure to be improved, but also to raise opportunities for innovation, with the aim to collaborate for the best efficiency of air transport. In this sense, this study concerns innovation management applied to airports given the limitations in the state of the art related to measuring innovation in this type of organization. The integrated perception of different airport stakeholders has been collected from a survey with 70 Brazilian professionals specialized in the subject, namely researchers, airports, airlines, and the aeronautics industry managers, in a proposal to measure the level of airport innovation from different indicators. The results proposed an algorithm for an Airport Integrated Innovation Index (AI3), composed by 38 measurable variables related to innovation practices, procedures, and infrastructure elements such as new biometric passenger identification systems, real-time passenger flight tracking systems, new types of runway pavement, and actions to reduce airport operational restrictions. This model can be used in airports of different categories (national or international) and sizes (small, medium, or large). It may be adapted for different countries and contexts according to their markets and organizational cultures.

ABSTRACT: The choice of fleet by a given airline must consider different elements associated with both the aircraft and the airports to be operated, making it necessary a method to assist the aircraft choice process. This study assesses the take-off runway distance requirement of different aircraft models and compares the requirement to the take-off runway distance available at a group of airports. Using the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI), the methodology consider the analysis of take-off runway length available on 80 Brazilian airports and compared it to the take-off distance required for 108 combinations of aircraft model, engine model and flight range, considering the take-off performance of the aircraft models with maximum payload weight. In total, 536 routes of four Brazilian airlines has been adopted to simulate the most profitable operating scenario. The result presents the take-off performance of different aircraft models and allows a performance comparison between them. In addition, this research investigates which is the most common flight range in Brazil, and what influence it exerts in the aircraft take-off performance, and contributes to a better match between the aircraft used and the airport operated in fleet optimization.

Abstract Identifying previous research subjects on innovation management in air transport provides not only updated references on new technologies in this industry, but also indicates which areas need to be prioritized in future research. A systematic literature review of publications in this field over the past decade, from 2005 to 2015, including 2016 publications in progress, was carried out, adopting as a control document the proceedings from the 19th ATRS World Conference, held in Singapore in 2015. The searches were done on ScienceDirect and included reports from over 2,500 journals. The abstracts, titles, and keywords were considered, and Boolean connectors were used. The term “innovation” was combined with at least one of eight different strings: air* (e.g., airport, airline, and aircraft), flight, transport, aviation, carrier, lcc, fsc and seat, which were identified as the terms with the highest frequency of incidence in the 129 files in the control document. From the 731 articles identified and analyzed, 92 were considered as directly related to innovation management in air transport. The results showed that the areas with a higher incidence of studies were the aircraft industry (energy efficiency, industrial process, and noise and pollutant emission reduction), airlines (business model, IT and planning and management), policies (sustainable transport, incentive mechanisms and societal aspirations), and airport (services, security, self-financing and air traffic control and projects). From this review, it was determined that, in addition to the limited studies on this subject, there is also a lack of research on innovations in airport structure, such as runway pavements and the optimization of airport sites, as well as on new forms of disposal of wastes generated during the flight, crew training and integrated innovation planning in the sector. These can direct future studies on the subject in the four application areas identified and promote the development of an integrated innovation system in air transport management.

ABSTRACT: The existing relations between the supply of air transport services and economic development have been a relevant area of research in transport management. This study aims to analyze the influence of the productive performance of some Brazilian exported commodities over the demand for regional passenger air transportation on the regions where those commodities are produced. In order to do so, this study used the linear regression method, checking what the relations are, if any exist, between the productive performance of those areas and the supply and demand for passenger seats in airports located in areas producing those commodities. The mathematical model used was validated with a control model that, in its turn, examined the correlation between macroeconomic and population aggregates and the global domestic demand for passenger air travel. The results show ambiguous relations between explicative and dependent variables, because in some localities the correlation was significantly higher than in others. The main contribution is to analyze how the regional aviation market is exposed to the productive performance on markets with high level of economic specialization.

The use of technology development process (TDP) models by the enterprises can contribute to the usage control of natural resources of technologies before or after its integration on products, services or processes. Although the choice of a technology can consider the use of some performance metrics to identify their eco-efficiency, the literature about technology development models neglects this element. Based on a qualitative analysis of existing models, this paper proposes a conceptual model for the adoption of eco-efficiency indicators in the TDP by the innovation managers, distributed in three different stages: the initial stage, during the planning of a technology, the intermediate stage, at the technology development, and the final stage, at the technology transfer. Future research, such as prioritizing the indicators and the extent of the present analysis to other sustainability dimensions are suggested for structuring a sustainable model of TDP.